Not so new really - it's just that it's starting to bite more than before.
Back in 2007/8 the good old EU gave all countries the 'right' to have designated 'emission zones'.
So London imposed a daily fee - to make money.
Germany introduced a window sticker system to show how clean or otherwise a vehicle is - only €5 - a one off payment I think - or at least it was when I last checked out the situation.
They have red, yellow and green stickers.
Over the years they have enforced stricter and stricter 'colour bans' - at first only the red stickers were banned from city centres, then yellow, and so on until now only the cleanest 'green' cars are allowed in.
Of course this means loads of signage and CCTV cameras and dedicated Polizei to collect the fines from folks who ignore such rules - mostly foreigners of course who live by a different compliance code to the Bavarians.
In return for all this obedience you can drive at any speed you like on a fair portion of the autobahn - but when they do have a speed limit -everyone slows down - instantly - or else a man in a beige shirt and green trousers, with a pretty hat appears at the next interchange like a Jack in the Box to collect the cash.
Great fun - a Sat-Nav that displays speed limits in an essential tool.