Did the alarm go off when you turned the key or opened the door??
If it was when you opened the door, and also the other doors didn't unlock, I would guess it is the lock microswitch.
In the lock mechanism is a microswitch which tells the BeCM that the door has been unlocked and therefore to unlock the rest and disarm the alarm....
If it didn't recieve this signal from the lock microswitch the BeCM and the Alarm didn't know it was to do anything and considered this intrusion to be a break in.....
Lock Microswitches do fail with regularity, but it is just as likely to be frozen too....
Wait till it warms up and give it another try, if the Central Locking works when you go to lock or unlock once it has warmed up, you know it is a frozen microswitch/lock mechanism, if the result is the same i.e. no central locking activation on turning the key, I would suspect a dodgy microswitch....