300tdi alternator blocked up

Hi guys,
I was on 1500miles trip, and on the last few miles, I heard a loud squeeling noise form the engine. I shut it of, and found out, that the alternator had blocked up and the belt had stopped turning. than I tried to restart it with the blocked up alternator, and it didn't start, even tough the engine turned. Do you think that it is possible that the resistance of the alternator could stop the engine from starting up. I hope that the engine dindn't heat up tu much to a restricted waterflow, because the alternator has slowed donw the belt, but the temperature gauge dindn't go up.
Thanks for your help

If temp gauge is showing correct temp then all is good. Remove alternator and find fault/repair/buy a new alternator and new alternator belt. Also check water pump for no excessive wear where there may have been extra load to pump pulley/pump bearing. If all good go drive again.