The requirement to keep the weak battery connected when jump starting is for a completely different reason and cannot be compared to charging a battery with an external charger. We do jump starts to start the motor and as soon as this happens, the alternator starts producing energy. Alternators do not like an open load and without a proper current sink to absorb that energy, it can easily burn out. Modern vehicle electronics will suffer the same fate from spikes and transients currents that are normally absorbed by the battery, acting as a huge capacitor.
Charging a battery with an external charger is the complete opposite as the motor is not expected to run until the battery is fully charged and reconnected.